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The Assyrian lion weights are a group of bronze Mesopotamian weights from the 8th century BCE, with bilingual inscriptions in both cuneiform and Phoenician characters. ==Description== The lion weights were discovered at Nimrud in the late 1840s and are currently at the British Museum. The Phoenician inscriptions are epigraphically from the same period as the Mesha Stele.〔(The Alphabet: An Account of the Origin and Development of Letters ), Kegan Paul, Trench, 1883, Isaac Taylor, page 133, "The lion weights from Nineveh, which bear the names of Assyrian kings who reigned during the second half of the 8th century, an engraved scarab found beneath the foundation of the palace of Sargon at Khorsabad, and the bronze vessel dedicated to the temple of Baal-Lebanon, which bears the name of Hiram, king of the Sidonians, are epigraphically of the same age, or nearly so, as the inscription of Mesha"〕 The weights are from the 8th century BCE and they have bilingual inscriptions in both cuneiform and Phoenician characters.〔Norris, 1856, p.215〕 Other similar lion weights were excavated at the Iranian site of Susa in 1901 by the French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan and are now in the Louvre in Paris.〔Louvre Collection ()〕 It is one of the most important groups of artifacts evidencing the "Aramaic" form of the Phoenician script.〔(Epigraphic West Semitic Scripts ), 2006, Elsevier, Christopher Rollston, p.503, quote: "Some of the most important evidence for the Aramaic cursive script series are the Hamat bricks, the Lion-Weights from Nineveh, and the Nimrud ostracon (all dating to the 8th century)."〕 At the time of their discovery, they were the oldest Phoenician-style inscription that had been discovered.〔Henry Rawlinson (1865), (Bilingual Readings: Cuneiform and Phœnician. Notes on Some Tablets in the British Museum, Containing Bilingual Legends (Assyrian and Phœnician) ), p.243, "Before concluding my notes on these tablet and seal legends, I would observe that they are among the most ancient specimens that we possess of Phoenician writing. I should select as the earliest specimens of all, the legends on the larger Lion Weights in the British Museum, one of which is clearly dated from the reign of Tiglath Pileser II. (b.c. 744-726). The other weights bear the royal names of Shalmaneser, Sargon, and Sennacherib."〕 They formed a regular series diminishing in size from 30 cm to 2 cm in length. The larger weights have handles cast on to the bodies, and the smaller have rings attached to them. The group of weights also included stone weights in the shape of ducks. The weights represent the earliest known uncontested example of the Aramaic numeral system.〔(Numerical Notation: A Comparative History ), CUP, 2010, Stephen Chrisomalis, page 71, ISBN 9781139485333〕 Eight of lions represent the only known inscriptions from the short reign of Shalmaneser V.〔(The Oxford Guide to People & Places of the Bible ), p.285, Bruce Manning Metzger, Michael D. Coogan, Oxford University Press, 2004, ISBN 9780195176100〕 There are two known systems of weights and measures. One system was based on a weight called the mina which could be broken down into sixty smaller weights called shekels. These lion weights, however, come from a different system which was based on the ''heavy mina'' which weighed about a kilogram. This system was still being used in the Persian period and is thought to have been used for weighing metals.〔(Bronze weight in the form of a lion ), British Museum, retrieved 9 May 2015〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Assyrian lion weights」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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